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| Voiceover Industry Terms - Effects, Special Effects |
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Special effects (abbreviated SPFX or SFX) are used in the film, television, and entertainment industry to realize scenes that cannot be achieved by live action or normal means.
The art of adding audio effects to a film is done through either Foley, or pre-recorded sound effects. Foley refers to acting out the scene in a recording studio with the necessary props, such as doors, umbrellas, shoes, or whatever the characters in the scene are doing. If a person was walking across concrete, the Foley artist would probably put the shoes on his hands and tap them on concrete, while watching a screen to make sure he is doing it in sync with the action. Often, Foley sounds become better-known to moviegoers than the real sounds; an example is the traditional use of coconut shells for horses' hoofs.
Foley is required because so little actual production audio is used; there is often too much camera/crew noise and unwanted environmental noise for location audio to be useful as more than a reference. Shooting on a soundstage reduces the problem of unwanted sounds, but Foley recording is still necessary because the sounds produced on the stage may not be the same ones the director wants in the film, or may not be sufficiently clear due to the necessity of keeping microphones out of the scene.
This situation has also given rise to ADR (Automated Dialogue Replacement or Additional Dialogue Recording), also called dubbing or looping. In ADR, an actor re-speaks his or her lines in a recording studio in sync with the original on-set recording, and the new recording is used in place of the original audio. Looping can be a very time-consuming process, and requires that the actor listen to each line multiple times to learn how they originally said the line. If the actor was not happy with their original performance, however, it can be advantageous for the actor to be able to "re-act" a scene through ADR. |
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